Power generation (TWh, fuel mix)
IEA Energy Statistics Data Browser
Electricity generation by fuel for 170+ countries. Select country → Electricity and heat → Electricity generation by fuel.
Validates: Total TWh, coal/gas/oil/nuclear/renewables share
Ember Global Electricity Review (yearly data)
CSV download with generation by source for 215 countries. Supporting materials:
GER 2024Validates: China, India, Japan, global totals
Our World in Data — Electricity production by source
Interactive charts by country. Add country in dropdown to see TWh by coal, gas, nuclear, hydro, solar, wind.
Validates: Country-level fuel mix percentages
IEA Country profiles (electricity, energy mix)
Each links to "View full data browser" for that country's electricity stats.
Saudi GASTAT — Electrical Energy Statistics
Official Saudi statistics. Search "Electrical Energy Statistics 2024" for gas/oil generation breakdown.
Validates: Saudi Arabia 402 TWh, gas 62%, oil 38%
Japan FEPC — Electricity Review
Federation of Electric Power Companies. Annual electricity review with fuel mix (coal, LNG, nuclear, renewables).
Validates: Japan coal 28.2%, LNG 29.1%, nuclear 8.2%, solar 11.4%
India MOSPI — Energy Statistics
Ministry of Statistics. Energy Statistics India publication (annual) with electricity by source.
Validates: India coal ~75%, renewables share
Middle East — Oil, gas, import dependency
IEA Middle East region
Regional overview: 5 of top 10 oil producers, 4 in 10 barrels global exports, 95% electricity from fossil.
IEA World Energy Investment 2025 — Middle East
$130B oil & gas investment 2025, Saudi upstream ~$40B.
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin
Crude oil production by country (Saudi 10 Mbd, Iraq 4.6 Mbd, etc.).
IEA Jordan Energy Mix
92.3% energy import dependency.
MEI MENA Energy Recap Q2 2025
Kuwait power cuts 2025, Israel Leviathan disruptions, seasonal shortages.
Wikipedia — Energy in [Country]
Import dependency, Arab Gas Pipeline, 2024 Lebanon blackout.
Fuel imports by supplier (oil & gas)
WITS / Comtrade — Trade by product
Select country, year, product (270900=crude, 271111=LNG). Shows imports by partner country with value/volume.
MEES — Japan Crude Imports
UAE top for 2024, Saudi/UAE 85% share. Subscription may be required.
Reuters, Arab News
Search "Japan crude imports by country" / "India oil imports Russia"
Monthly and annual supplier breakdowns. India Russia 36%, Iraq 21%, Saudi 13% (2024).
Asia — Hormuz exposure, flexibility
Methods B and C use "agency estimates"—figures published by EIA, IEA, S&P Global, and others, compiled into asia-data.js. Method A uses fuel-sources.js (WITS/Comtrade, MEES, Reuters). Links below verify the underlying data.
EIA — World Oil Transit Chokepoints
Strait of Hormuz: ~20 Mbd flow, Asia share. China, India, Japan, Korea = 69% of Hormuz crude. Alternative:
EIA Strait of Hormuz
EIA Country Analysis Briefs
Oil/gas imports, Russian pipeline bypass (China), SPR levels, refinery configurations.
IEA Southeast Asia Energy Outlook
60% of SE Asia oil from Middle East. Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam fuel mix.
ERIA ASEAN Energy Outlook
Search "ASEAN Energy Outlook" for fuel trajectories, import dependency.
S&P Global — Middle East Conflict GCC Energy Exposures
88–90% oil, 85% LNG through Hormuz to Asia. Japan/Korea SPR 200+ days. (Report may require subscription.)